Learning English

Finn
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary with me Finn...

Catherine
...and me Catherine. And in this programme we're talking about the letters o-u-g-h.  

Finn
Yes, the letters o-u-g-h are found in lots of English words including cough, rough, ought and through, but there are lots of different pronunciations. So let's start with George. He's talking about last winter, when he was ill.

Catherine
And think about this question while you listen: What did George do in February?

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George
Last winter I had a cough for roughly three months. By February, I thought I ought to go to the doctor. He gave me a thorough check and some medicine. It got better in the end, although the cough lasted right through till April. I'm so glad spring's here!

Finn
Poor George. And we asked: what did George do in February?

Catherine
Well, George thought that he ought to go to the doctor. So that's what he did.

Finn
Good. Now the words thought, spelt t-h-o-u-g-h-t and ought, spelt o-u-g-h-t, both have the o-u-g-h pattern in them and it's pronounced or. Thought, ought.

Catherine
Thought, ought. And there are more o-u-g-h verbs with the same pronunciation, like fought, the past of fight, and bought, the past of buy...

Finn
...and brought, b-r-o-u-g-h-t, the past of bring. People sometimes confuse bought and brought so Catherine, can you give us an example sentence with both words?

Catherine
I bought a new TV from the hypermarket and I brought it home in a taxi.

Now let's have another clip. And how o-u-g-h words are there in this one?

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George
Last winter I had a cough for roughly three months. 

Finn
So there were two o-u-g-h words there: Cough: c-o-u-g-h and roughly: r-o-u-g-h-l-y. Roughly means about, so George had a cough for about - or roughly - three months.

Catherine
But the pronunciation of these two words is different. The o-u-g-h in cough sounds like off. Off, cough.

Finn
And the o-u-g-h in roughly sounds like uff. Uff, roughly.

Catherine
Right. So we're beginning to see that there is no real rule for pronouncing these words, Finn.

Finn
Sadly not, that's right. You are just going to have to learn to spell and say each word on its own.

Catherine
OK. Let's have another clip.

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George
He gave me a thorough check...

Finn
And the o-u-g-h word there was thorough: t-h-o-r-o-u-g-h. It means very careful and exact.

Catherine
And the pronunciation is different again. Listen to this one: thorough. It's an uh sound at the end of the word. Uh, thorough, uh, thorough.

Finn
Here's one more clip.

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George
I got better in the end, although the cough lasted right through till April.

Finn
This time we heard although spelt a-l-t-h-o-u-g-h and through, spelt t-h-r-o-u-g-h.  Now the o-u-g-h in although, sounds like oh. Although.

Catherine
And in through, it sounds like ooo. Through.

Finn
So you know what, that gives us six different pronunciations for the letters o-u-g-h.

Catherine
That's right, six of them. We had: thought, cough, roughly, thorough, although and through.

Finn
So in fact there are more than six pronunciations for o-u-g-h in the English language, but these are the most common ones.

IDENT        
6 Minute Vocabulary from BBC Learning English. 

Finn
And now it's time for the quiz! OK, question number one: How do you spell brought, the past simple of the verb bring?

Catherine
It's b-r-o-u-g-h-t.

Finn
Very good. Number two: How do you pronounce the word that is spelt t-h-o-u-g-h?

Catherine
That's though. Though.

Finn
That's the one. Number three: Roughly and enough have similar spelling and pronunciation. How do you spell roughly?

Catherine
It's r-o-u-g-h-l-y.

Finn
Well done if you got all those right. Now before we go, here's our vocabulary tip. If your phone or computer lets you record audio, try recording the spelling and pronunciation of tricky words so you can play them back if you need help to remember them.

Catherine
There's more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again soon for more 6 Minute Vocabulary.

Both
Bye!